I’ve done my share of grumbling about the postal service. There was the mail carrier at my long-time home in Florida who consistently put my mail in neighbors’ boxes and neighbors’ mail in my box or occasionally left packages on the wrong porches. Part of the daily mailbox run was walking to the neighbors’ houses delivering the misplaced envelopes and parcels to the proper boxes and porches.
When I moved into a condo the last 18 months of my life in Florida, all of the mailboxes were together by the swimming pool. During the entire 18 months I lived there, I received mail for every previous resident of that condo; and when I got tired of writing on each envelope, I just started dropping them into the outgoing mail slot, figuring that would be enough to let the delivery person know they didn’t belong there. Nope. It worked for a while, then the new carrier started putting the envelopes right back into my box. You found this in outgoing mail. What should that tell you?
Then there was the time just a few months ago, after I had made my epic move right smack in the middle of a pandemic and was dependent on online ordering to get the things I needed for my new condo. I had ordered a pad to go under one of the rugs I bought. The company shipped the pad via USPS, and one morning I found a colored slip of paper in my mailbox (also the kind where all of the boxes are together), saying “Sorry we missed you. We attempted to deliver a package, will try again.” Mind you, this is a set of drive-by mailboxes; my little cubicle is possibly 3 inches high by maybe 10-12 inches wide and about that deep. You could probably have looked at that package at the post office and figured out that it wasn’t going to fit in any mailbox on the planet. And what do you mean you’re sorry you missed me? Were you really expecting to find me in that little box? Did you ring the bell and I didn’t come to the door? I was speechless; well, maybe not really speechless, but nothing I said would be decent to repeat here. The next day, I received a second note saying they were sorry to have missed me again.
After that, I left a response in the box, which I also won’t repeat here, because now that the post office is in so much trouble, I have to admit I’ve been feeling pretty guilty about that one. (I didn’t use any curse words, so at least there’s that.)
I’ve often told my children that the world we currently live in is so much different from the world in which I spent my youth that it’s almost as if I’ve moved to another planet. It would be easier to name the things that have stayed the same than the things that have changed, but high on that short list of things which have remained constant throughout my life is the six-day-every-week mail delivery. Except for holidays, there’s rarely been a day in my life when I have not checked the mailbox and anticipated what treasures I might find. Before email and Zoom, I fondly remember getting letters. Those were exciting, almost exotic! I come from a huge family, spread out over the entire United States and into northern Mexico, so we received many letters from aunts and uncles and grandparents. I can still remember the thrill of seeing a Mexico postmark, knowing it was news from my Uncle Lavee and his family.
The “mailman” was one of our favorite people–and powerful! He could rouse sleeping dogs into full attack mode (still can), make little children feel special with his friendly smile, bring joy to homes with news from distant loved ones, and deliver needed commodities to homebound neighbors. The importance of this job is caricatured in one of my favorite Cheers characters: the pompous know-it-all Cliff Clavin, who is rarely seen in anything but his blue postal uniform and who sees being a postal carrier as only slightly below knighthood.
Operating under the unofficial motto “Neither snow nor rain nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds,” those blue-uniformed men (and later women) made their way to my mailbox every day–some days pretty late during heavy volume times like Christmas. Oh, remember the Christmas cards! And we knew that, if we just did our part by getting our packages to the post office on time, the post office would work overtime to do its part by delivering them to their destinations in time for Santa’s arrival.
Mail-in voting in the form of “absentee ballots” dates back to the Civil War, when it was allowed for military personnel. Absentee ballots have been used continuously since that time for military voters as well as citizens unable to go to physical polling places. My former in-laws voted absentee because of my mother-in-law’s disability. In more recent years, five states have moved to voting almost completely by mail: Hawaii, Utah, Colorado, Oregon, and Washington. And an increasing number of other states are either making efforts to change to a mail-in system or are offering mail-in ballots as an option for all voters. My former state, Florida, has for a number of years been strongly encouraging mail-in voting. I opted for it several elections ago, because I found I could vote more effectively at home where I had access to information about the less familiar items on the ballot, which don’t receive the same level of hype as presidential candidates.
Never in my wildest dreams could I have imagined the post office–the post office!–becoming the epicenter of a political battle and a tool in the hands of a power-hungry president hoping to become a dictator. I’m not sure I could tell you the names of three Postmasters General during my life, but now Louis DeJoy is one of the first names mentioned on the nightly news. What is supposed to be a completely a-political government agency, like the Justice Department, is–like the Justice Department–being used by an unscrupulous political party as its personal accomplice.
Together, Donald Trump and his henchman Louis DeJoy have moved quickly to cripple the postal service ahead of the upcoming election, because Trump has been building hysteria over the long-standing practice of absentee or mail-in voting (same thing!). Trump knows the more people who vote the smaller the percentage likely to vote for him, so he has worked feverishly to suppress voting, including getting himself a new Postmaster General who, like his Attorney General William Barr, will be willing to forget that he’s supposed to be working for the American Public and not acting as the president’s personal hit man.
Mail collection boxes have been removed from the streets or left in place but locked so as to render them useless. Sorting machines have been removed from distribution centers. They have also cut overtime and limited post office hours, causing massive delivery delays. Although public outcry caused DeJoy to stop short of completing some of the changes and to reverse others, enough damage has already been done to cast doubt on whether the USPS is ready to deliver the ballots for this November in time for everyone’s vote to be counted. These are the kinds of things that, if we were reading about their happening in another country, we’d be shocked and outraged. But since the last four years have numbed our ability to be shocked, now it’s just another news cycle. Who’s the shithole country now?
Much of the current controversy centers on the USPS’s financial stability. In Postmaster General Louis DeJoy’s opening remarks to the Board of Governors on August 7, 2020, he said:
“That said, I am a realist, and am keenly aware of the magnitude of the financial challenges we face. Our financial position is dire, stemming from substantial declines in mail volume, a broken business model and a management strategy that has not adequately addressed these issues. As a result, the Postal Service has experienced over a decade of financial losses, with FY 2019 approaching $9 billion and 2020 closing in on $11 billion in losses. Without dramatic change, there is no end in sight, and we face an impending liquidity crisis.”
These are legitimate concerns, and if an overhaul is in order, it would not be the first time in our history that the postal service has been reorganized to keep up with current demands. Electronic communication has reduced many people’s reliance on letters delivered to physical mailboxes. Many packages are delivered by rival private for-profit businesses such as UPS and FedEx. For many people, checks have been replaced by direct deposit, wire transfers, and electronic transfer services such as PayPal and Venmo. Yet many do still rely on the postal service for those services, and for all of us it is still a vital part of our staying connected and receiving the goods and commodities we need.
More importantly, if an overhaul is genuinely needed for the reasons Mr. DeJoy mentions, doesn’t it seem a tad coincidental that massive restructuring would be started less than three months before an election, and especially an election which because of health concerns will depend more heavily than usual on mail-in voting? Doesn’t it also seem a bit odd that those high-speed sorting machines which were already there and already paid for would be disassembled and pushed into a corner–to accomplish what? One doesn’t have to be a conspiracy theorist to see what’s happening here.
Many are calling for privatizing mail delivery, or breaking up the government agency’s monopoly and allowing private companies to compete. We already do that with package delivery, so why not letters and other services also? I don’t know what the future of the United States Postal Service will look like, but I believe it’s important for every citizen to understand what it is now and the history which has led it to this point.
This is a collection of facts about the postal service, in no particular order, which many people in my age range already know. However, it’s a good review for all of us and a fact check for younger people who may be hearing conflicting arguments about the value of this American institution.
So let’s sort out the FACTS:
- The U. S. Postal Service is a department of the U. S. Government.
- The postal service is NOT a private business. UPS, FedEx, DHL, and that shiny fleet of blue Amazon vans are private delivery services.
- Government services are not expected to turn a profit; they are supported by our tax dollars and by our payment for services.
- Private delivery services (such as UPS and FedEx) are for-profit businesses.
- If a government service is in the red, it means that it needs more funding or better management or both. That is the job of Congress and of the Board of Governors appointed to run the USPS.
- The responsibility “to establish Post offices and post roads” is among the powers accorded to Congress by Article I, Section 8 of the United States Constitution.
- As a government agency, the postal service is not intended to turn a profit. Private businesses are for-profit organizations; government agencies are public services, funded by tax payers.
- Also included in Congress’s list of powers in Article I, Section 8 are, among others, coining money, protecting copyrights and patents, raising and supporting armies, providing and maintaining a navy, and organizing and managing the militia. I haven’t heard anyone complaining that the mint, the copyright office, the army, or the navy isn’t turning a profit. We may debate over the appropriate amount of military funding, but we don’t expect a return on our investment–other than, of course, our safety.
- The centralized postal service has been in continuous operation since 1775 when the Second Continental Congress ordered the United States Post Office (USPO). This was the first national mail service; before that time, mail delivery had been handled by individual colonies and communities.
- Journalists led the push for a national mail service, which they believed was necessitated by the urgency of connecting the colonies and sharing news of national importance as the revolution was brewing.
- Benjamin Franklin was appointed the first Postmaster General.
- After the Revolution, George Washington created the U.S. Post Office Department (USPOD) in 1792, based on Article I, Section 8 of the new constitution.
- From 1792 until 1971, the Postmaster General was a member of the President’s cabinet.
- On August 12, 1970, following unrest among postal employees which led to a major strike over low wages and poor working conditions, President Nixon signed the Postal Reorganization Act.
- That act replaced the cabinet-level post office department with a new federal agency, the United States Postal Service (USPS), effective July 1, 1971.
- The new agency is described as a corporation-like independent agency with an official monopoly on the delivery of mail in the United States. The key word in that sentence is “like.” The USPS is a government agency, not a for-profit corporation.
- The first paragraph of the 1970 Postal Reorganization Act clearly describes the structure and responsibilities of the USPS:
“The United States Postal Service shall be operated as a basic and fundamental service provided to the people by the Government of the United States, authorized by the Constitution, created by Act of Congress, and supported by the people. The Postal Service shall have as its basic function the obligation to provide postal services to bind the Nation together through the personal, educational, literary, and business correspondence of the people. It shall provide prompt, reliable, and efficient services to patrons in all areas and shall render postal services to all communities.”
18. The governing body of the USPS is the Board of Governors, comprised of up to nine governors; they elect the Postmaster General.
19. Interesting side fact: The first postage stamps were issued in 1847. Before that time, letters were sent C.O.D., with the receiver picking up the letter and paying for its delivery. According to sources, some people resisted the change to having senders pay in advance. Some felt it was an insult to the receiver, suggesting the receiver was too poor or too cheap to pay for his/her own mail.
20. Things the USPS delivers besides letters and junk mail: medications, Social Security checks, income tax refunds, absentee ballots, plants and animals to farmers. There’s one I didn’t know: Farmers receive baby chicks by mail. I read one account of a woman who received a box of 500 newly hatched chicks, of which only 25 were alive because their delivery had been delayed by the antics of Trump and DeJoy.
The next time you grumble about the postal service, as we all will, here are a few other facts to remember.
- The USPS employs 469,934 of our fellow citizens, 40% of whom are minorities.
- Those 469,934 public servants help to deliver 472.1 million pieces of mail every day.
- Sometimes they put things in the wrong boxes, lose a few things, run late, or leave ridiculous notes. Sometimes the barista at Starbucks serves you a cappuccino when you asked for a frappuccino or an iced cold brew when you ordered a hot coffee. Sometimes your restaurant chef sends out a well-done steak when you specifically said medium rare. Sometimes your server neglects to refill your water glass. Sometimes your English professor gives you a B on that brilliant essay when it clearly deserved an A (right!). Mistakes happen in all professions, and most of them are not fatal. Any agency that can process and deliver 470,000 pieces of mail every day, six days a week, at affordable prices, to all neighborhoods, deserves our gratitude and admiration.
The postal service is a treasured American institution which we must not allow to be destroyed by political partisanship or by unethical power mongers. We should all heed the words of James Madison in Federalist No. 42:
“The power of establishing post roads must, in every view, be a harmless power, and may, perhaps, by judicious management, become productive of great public conveniency. Nothing which tends to facilitate the intercourse between the States can be deemed unworthy of the public care.”
Today’s reality is that high-level officials are using this constitutional power to do harm and to serve their own political ambitions. Therefore, those of us who benefit from it must accept our responsibility to care for it. If every one of us would just do the simple act of buying a sheet of stamps, we could infuse the USPS with millions of operating dollars. We the people must step up and save the institutions we treasure. That is the true definition of “conservative.”